Aquatic Biomes and Tropical Rainforest Essay Example for Free

Aquatic Biomes and Tropical Rainforest Essay An aquatic biome is an ecological community dominated by water. This biome can be broken down into two categories: oFreshwater, which includes rivers, streams, ponds, lakes and freshwater wetland. oMarine or saltwater, which includes oceans, seas, estuaries, coral reefs and saltwater wetland. Each of these aquatic ecosystems can be defined by variables such as temperature, the presence or absence of light, and the availability of nutrients. Aquatic biomes cover almost all the world (around 75% of the surface) and only 3% of them are freshwaters. Freshwater ecosystems This ecosystem is defined as having a low salt concentration of less than 1%. It helps to make up all the different animals’ life in this planet. Ponds and lakes range in size from few yards to thousands miles across, and they are divided into the littoral zone, limnetic zone and the profundal zone. The littoral zone is the part of the lake or pond which is shallow and located near the shoreline. In this zone there is abundant light, nutrients and plants. Those plants provide protection and food for animals, insects and crustaceans. The limnetic zone is offshore, where the water is deep and it receives enough sunlight to support life. There are tiny forms of life called as phytoplankton, which are tiny plant forms, and zooplankton, which are tiny animal forms. Those tiny forms of life lead to bigger animals’ life such as fish, which feed from those planktons. The profundal zone is beneath the limnetic zone, where it doesn’t receive light to sustain plants’ life. The organisms that die from above this zone settle down and are being eaten by decomposers. Because ponds and lakes are isolated from other bodies of water, they don’t have new species of animals or plant, or it is limited. Streams and rivers are defined by the flow of water in one direction. The source of these regions can be the snowmelt from the mountains, runoff of rains, or the outflows of a lake. They flow until they empty into another body of water and they usually lead ultimately to oceans. The flow of water of streams and rivers changes as it moves. At high elevations (mountains), the water’s flow moves swiftly and makes them clear and oxygenated. As it moves slower, it allows a more diversity of plants and animals. Because the water’s flow moves slowly, it carries more sediment and there is less oxygen in the water. Wetlands are standing water’s regions that support aquatic life. Wetlands can receive many names such as swamps, marshes and bogs. Marine or saltwater This ecosystem is defined by its high salt concentration. Oceans are the large aquatic ecosystem that dominates the Earth’s surface. It is divided into four zones: the intertidal zone, the pelagic zone, the benthic zone and the abyssal zone. The intertidal zone is the area that is covered and uncovered with the rising and falling of tides. Because of this, the communities are constantly changing and most of the living organisms live only where the high tides reach. The pelagic zone is the area away from the lands, which is the open ocean. This zone receives little sunlight and it has abundant plankton, which feed animals such as whales. In this zone, there are still some plants anchored to the bottom of the shore. The benthic zone is beneath the pelagic zone and it doesn’t receive sunlight, which makes it darker and colder. The abyssal zone is the deepest area beneath the benthic zone. This area is very cold, it has a great pressure, but it has a low nutrient level. Coral reefs are abundant in tropical water and it consists of a barrier of corals, anemones, and algae. The sunlight penetrates this area, which makes the water clearer and allows a diversity of living organisms. Estuaries are those areas in which freshwater merge with the ocean. This supports animals such as oysters, worms, and crabs; and supports plants such as algae and seaweeds. Tropical Rainforest Biome This is the most diverse terrestrial biome on Earth. It has a warm and moist environment and is dominated by broadleaf evergreen trees. The combination of constant warmth and moisture makes the tropical rainforest a great environment for many plants and animals, which made this biome as the only one that contains the greatest biodiversity in the world. Because of the great quantity of trees in this biome, the soil is infertile and acidic. This is because when an organism decomposes in the soil, the plants absorb it quickly for their quick grow and survival. This biome has several layers of vegetation. The tallest trees reach approximately 50 meters; below them there is a continuous canopy of treetop of approximately 40 meters. And the lower level is composed by small plants, mosses, and fungi. Most of the fauna in this biome is arboreal because the food near the ground is scarce.

Explanation Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication English Language Essay

Explanation Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication English Language Essay In this assignment I will be started by elucidating The importance of communication, and then I explained about verbal and non-verbal communication in sharing information and experiences, build vision, create learning environment and collaborative work culture. Typically, I brought the explanation of both verbal and nonverbal communication. Besides, it flowed the critical discussion on the functions of both communication skills. Finally, the article then seeks some of the suggestions on the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of verbal and nonverbal communications. 1. The importance of Communication It is fundamental that everyone is skilled of reading, writing, and communicating. Obviously, many people lack the important skills needed for effective communication. There are lots of educated people in this current age but many of them have poor communication skills. Clear and planned manner of smooth language is also a most imperative and functional utility, it is the medium to express information. Besides, well organized and effective communication is always found as a success of a person such as personal relationships, between members of different ideas and cultures, and in ones personal and professional life. Hence, effective communication is the most important key that we use to transmit information. Communication takes place all the times, and unexpectedly. Moreover, it happens either verbally or non-verbally. This can be seen in various activities. For example; listening, talking, watching movies, thinking, watching television programs, discussions, or mediating. Even though, a very silent person who may be communicating within himself as he is thinking of something. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), stated that the communication can be seen in several characteristics such as our personal lives, carrier advancement, Ethics in communication, adapting in a multi-culture society, and changes in technology and relationships. 2. Explanation of Verbal and Non-verbal Communication 2.1 Communication in Personal Life Additionally, communication is the foundation of interaction between two or more people in personal life. Similarly, according to Murphy, P. (2007), when dealing with the arising issues in ones personal life, good and effective communication is vital. Likewise, if we have any relationship with someone, communication is what sustain the affiliation jovial. In essence, instead of agreeing on everything, showing respect and talking with reality are more crucial. Since, the relationship becomes deeper and develops, appears a good example. 2.2 Communication in Career improvement According to Malhotra, V. ( 2012) , stated that the effective communication plays a centre role of the usage of the words such as words, modulation, pronounciation, voice variation, pitch, and body language. He added that the correct tool to communicate the right messages at the most appropriate time can pick up a crises and encourage people to work toward success. As truly said by Dr.Zimmerman, (2009), communication works for those who work at it. This means communication takes place in all the times but it is imperfect. In the globalization world, the first criteria of the job selection is not to be a first class degree but the effective communication skills. For example, as illustrated in the form of Maldives Civil Cervice Commision, the highest weightage is given to the interview section, which represents a set of communication skills. This is because the effective communication is a very essential component to make the organization and ones career success, which can be intra or external group. Therefore, taking responsibility and accountability help to encourage and sustain the career, and also support the functions of the organization runs smoothly. 2.3 Ethics in Communication Apparently, an effective communicator has a high morality and humanity when dealing others. Meantime, the communicator prove that the words he/she articulates is attained positively or negatively. Hence, positive language is a powerful weapon and it can help to win hearts of others. In short, ethical matters in communication are associated to the integrity and reliability of responsibilities and respect of the persons communication. 2.4 Adaptation in Multi-cultural Society According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), assured that the effective communication ability is to be adabted in to various cultures and contexts, which bring harmonious and sustainable environment in the work place. 2.5 Effects of Changes on Technology and relationship Moreover, technology revolution is the most whirlwind effect in the globalization world. Technology helps the delivery, sharing and receiving messages quickly. As it is a virtual communication, it has a broad impact to personal relationships and societies. Therefore, effective communication helps to change ones attitude and also to mould as an valuable person. 3 Types of Verbal and non-verbal Communication Generally, verbal and nonverbal communication border the meaning of conversations and both are used during face-to-face negotiations. As Lee, B. (2011), explained that the nonverbal signals are uniformly significant as the words and the voice modulation. Wherefore, verbal and nonverbal signals equally send a message and describe the relationship with others. 3.1 Organizational Communication Obviously, organizational communication is observed in establishing an ideal organization. Besides, the communication focuses on formal and informal information that arises in the context of the organization. Besides, both formal and informal communication are found as downward, upward, horizontal, cross-channel, and grapevine communication. Apparently, each of these types has different roles with considered to suitability of the organization. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), also explicated that there are eight types of Communication found in the working environment. These are included as interpersonal, intrapersonal, group, organizational, public, mass, intercultural, and online communication. In this assgnment, i will be elucidating organizational, interpersonal, and group communication. 3.2 Interpersonal Communication Comparatively, interpersonal communication is highly interacted with each other. Most often, it involves emotions. For example, humanity and empathy are vital in realizing the feeling of others. Interpersonal communication is also known as very unique because it is direct, personal, informal, and spontaneous information. 3.3 Group Communication Moreover, Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), also clarified that group communication is gradually arises the interactions between people until it shapes an entity. Group communication normally happens to solve problems, to form new ideas, and to get new experience. In general, it can define exchanging and recieving information between group members. 4. Types of verbal communication. According to Saylor, S. (n.d), mentioned that there are two main types of human verbal communication, speech and writing. In view of that, having more practice of speaking and writing makes one,s own effective communication skills excellent. Ever since, verbal skills go beyond in a wide variety of situations and styles, which consists both essential and advernced forms of personal interaction. Additionally, there are diverse types of communication. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), approved that these various types of communication have different charactoristics and functions. Besides, communication process does not happen by chance, but it comprises a choice of situation and has exact reasons. 4.1 Written Communication Evidently, written communication happens technically nonverbal, commonly uses ideas to convey words. For example, books, letters, email, texts, memos, magazines, newspapers and personal journals are used to express messages as written communication. Another form of verbal communication requires no speech. Written communication, while technically nonverbal, commonly falls under the umbrella of verbal communication for the use of words to convey ideas. 4.2 Electronic Communication In a fast developing world, electronic communication influences in a wide range. It is a speedy type of verbal communication. It is one way service, but it is not limited. For example, voice telephony, voice mail, email, fax services, teleconferencing, video conferencing, bulletin boards, internet service, web pages and etc. The purpose this is very clear now a days; nevertheless, like books in library, or classroom space, there are limitations that insure sensible use of facilities to enable them right to control usage through denying or controlling access to these facilities. It can use to teach easily by using the wide range of information through worldwide. Besides, it helps to develop the ethics of the whirlwind information by the help of teachers. Moreover, it can help to comply with the public law and reasonable standards of professional and personal politeness and conduct. 4.3 Spoken communication According to Mosel, S. (2010), confirmed that both speech and oral communication are spreading information, ideas, attitudes, from one person to another. Affirming to this, an effective communication needs to have a clear voice, good pronounciation, and the most sufficient meaning to convey the messages. Besides, an effective spoken communicator can also show some of the non-verbal communication skills in teaching as well. Likewise, posture and body language play a very important role in spoken communication. 5 Types of Non-verbal Communication Generally, non-verbal communication is known as body language and facial expressions. It is also used to support verbal communication. For example, a teacher asking to put the book on the table in verbal communication by pointing to the table. In many cases, we communicate information in nonverbal ways using groups of behaviors. For example, we might combine a frown with crossed arms and unblinking eye gaze to indicate disapproval. The following are some types of non-verbal communication. 5. 1 Facial Expression Markedly, facial expressions are accountable for a huge part of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger and fear are similar throughout the world. 5. 2 Gestures Noticeably, deliberate movements and signals are an imperative way to communicate meaning without words. Hence, common gestures contain waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture. 5. 3 Eye Gaze Furthermore, looking, staring and blinking can also be important nonverbal behaviors. Think of how many relationships start with a man and woman making eye contact across a crowded area. Clearly, a playful wink tends to be more effective. whilst people come upon people or things that they like, the rate of blinking increases and pupils open. Looking at another person can indicate a range of emotions, including hostility, interest and attraction. adding to this, just as a bright smile when we say congratulations reinforces the sincerity of our words. 6. Discussion on Functions of verbal and Non-verbal Communication   As mentioned before, communication is sharing thoughts, ideas and opinions through combined symbols and phrases. Definitely, good readers are good listeners and good listeners are better communicators. Good communication skills help us to go forward with specific set of goals with clarity. As a result, people need to initiate in pursuit of such goals, and need to devote the available relevant resources. In addition, when people have realized the target, they may share the aims with other people or use them in their work places. According to, Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), stated that comparatively both verbal and non-verbal communications are vital in ways of persuading or shifting persons view towards something what is needed. Hence, they take part in our everyday context. As non-verbal communication process wordless messages, they are known through gestures, body language, posture, facial expression, and eye contact. According to Saran, S. (Dec 22, 2009), explicated that once we communicate verbally, subsist it in a presentation or discussion. Thus, our aim of the target will be achieving and the message will be clarifying to understand. Since, the receiver is an individual or a group of people, instead of written document the message is just a speech in front of them. So, our choice of communicational words should be critical. According to Warren Windle, (2010), clarified that Verbal messages convey through variation, modulation and tempo of our voices. They also eplained that the weightage of these are carried 38% of what we communicate. As a resulut some of us use to raise the tone of voice in astonishment. Convincingly, it is realized that non-verbal communication takes place in many ways of day to day communication, through style, attire, codes or even in our daily manner. Similarly, Warren Windle, (2010), illuminated gesturing on the othe hand is non-verbal bodily movement which may also include affectionate and familiarity or negative response, and express using parts of the body like, arms, hands and may also comprise nodding and gazing of ones eyes. For example, teachers often raise hands to action others to silence when they wanted to speak. According to Cherry, K. (n.d), confirmed that non-verbal communication has a significant portion in our everyday context, either verbal communication or non-verbal communication. He also mentioned that non-verbal cues and behaviors such as postures, facial expression, eye gaze, gestures, and voice variations are used in our everyday life. Additionally, Jadwick01 (2009), elucidated that any type of communication should have a clear aim. He also stated that in the repid developing organizations, we need to have different types of communications that influence connections no matter how big or small the organization may be. Robbins, S. (2006) assumed that an organization is a constant, while it has a formal and social structure that receives capitals from the environment and practices them to create production. Stoner, J. (1989), stated that the suitably mangement must be flourishing in achieving its goals. Since then effective method of coordination is to be maintained, so that the plans are accomplished efficiently and effectively with and through other people. He aslo affirmed that there are two main reasons why communication is important in the management. Firstly it is the main process of leading, controling , organizing and planning are boomed. Secondly, the management is actively dedicated to overwelming time of th eir time. Relatively, communication can be completed in various ways. According to Mehrabian, A. (2006), found that both verbal and non-verbal communication are included the main three elements, which are established that words we express are 7% valuable, variation of the vioce are 38% effective, and non-verbal signs are 55% successful. In such situations he proved by conducting a wide range of research and said that both communication skills play a vital role in our everyday life. Furthermore, according to Lee, B. (2011), stated that verbal communication serves as a vehicle for expressing desires, ideas and concepts and is vital to the process of learning and teaching in combination with nonverbal forms of communication. In general, verbal communication is the orally expressed word and comprises real words, designed and inferred meanings, pitch and voice variation. For example, by asking permission from the teacher to go to the library. The communication that happen here is a very clear verbal communication. According to Hughes, C. (2010), convinced that the basis of communication is the interaction between people.  Coupled with, some of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking, and language. Hence, verbal communication operates as the primary tool for expression between two or more people. 7. Factors found to the Effectiveness of Verbal and Non-verbal Communication . Manifestly, a person communicating by verbal and non-verbal ways should also be aware of several factors such as style religious, cultural practices, beliefs and values. Often, personal and professional success varies depending on the ability to communicate. It is very important to be articulate and fluent in the way or mode of speech in front of audience and with parents and even in the classroom, because language we express is like a sharp weapon and it influences amazingly to the communication process. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), stated that the open and hidden meaning of the message is crucial with relating to the real life situations. Further, they explained that the message we intend is to be easily understand and then the students and parents can critically interpret. Evidently, the schorlarly evidences and other real life situations are more applicable to convince and firm on our communication. Communication Factor Apparently, there are lot of communication barriers in the society or in our school environment. Effective communication is defined as the process of conveying information and common understanding from one person to another. Besides, the elements in the communication process determine the quality of communication. A problem in any of these elements can reduce effectiveness of the communication. For example, information must be encoded into a message that can be understood as the sender inteded. Also, the selection of the communication media plays a vital role. Markedly, most people at child birth have voiced, which create sounds.   Gradually, as a child grows, he/she learns how to form these sounds into words.   Some words may be imitative of natural sounds, but others may come from expressions of emotion, such as laughter or crying.  However, words alone have no sense, just people can bring meaning into terminologies.  Including both words and meaning mixed together, which direct to the maturity of communication. Particularly, language plays a creative role in verbal communication, which helps to direct a person to the right path using its causes and effects. Furthermore, using language and settled in a verbal communication, both in speech and written, means deciding the language for the most appropriated particular uses, needs and situations. Besides, selection of language and verbal communication styles has close connection with the recievers awareness of the person. Hence, the verbal communicator must be sensitive to the selection and use of language, which generate an effective communication. According to Lunenburg, (2010), that the greatest barrier in the communication process is the illusion that it has been accomplished. Moreover, Cal, W. Allyson, A. (nd), stated that in any organization, humanity is also a very important quality to apply in any situations. Since, effective communication is earnestly depended regardless of the organizational hierarchy. For this purpose, according to Goldhaber (1986), cited with Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), acknowlodged that communication in school takes place in a whole system and influences by i nternally and externally. Also, communication involves messages and its flow, purpose, direction and media. As well as, it involves people, attitude, feeling, and the skill they possess. According to Grover, S. (2012), Nonverbal communication is presently very important. He added that the way we sit or stand, the tendency of our voice, and our common bodily manners are all behaviors of communication. However, there are some barriers to nonverbal communication. Besides, they are known as not responding, encroaching, space and time, different status, communication distance, Psychology, Gender, culture and etc. These all set up barriers which ultimately reduce communication. Physical Factors Additionally, any number of physical distractions can interfere with the effectiveness of communication, including a telephone call, seating arrangements for visitors, distances between people, walls, and etc. People often take physical barriers for approved, but sometimes they can be removed. For example, a badly placed room can be removed. Disruptions such as telephone calls can be removed by issuing directions to a secretary. An appropriate choice of media can overcome distance barriers between people. Lack of Clarity Subsequently, lacking clarity is also a most common barrier to effective verbal communication. Since, a teacher or an administrator who do not communicate accurately and clearly about their topic, surely, it can run the threat of confusing the receiver of the message. The language we use may differ from someone we are communicating too. According to Lewis, J. (2012), referred to this lack of clarity as muddled messages. Since, messages that are unclear and inaccurate may be interpreted wrongly. Obviously, this is a very major issue which occurs in our school communities. Though, the best way to be sure of our clearness is to get effective feedback from the parents or teachers of the message . So, it can surely guarantee that they have received our message properly or not. Additionally, Verbal tone in communication is more than just the words we use. It also play a vital role to understand the pitch of the speaker. If someone screams to control, then he develops hostility, while a persons suggestion brought in a normal speaking voice is much less harsh and usually more effective way to communicate the same thing. For example, if someone says, give me a book, he might not earn too well. But he might get better outcome if he asks, Could you hand me a book. Electronic Communication Factor Obviously, in the fast developing world, electronic communication influences in a wide range is a big factor in the society. It is a speedy type of verbal communication. However, electronic communication involves its own set of rules. Likewise, using capital letters can be interpreted as blaring or not happy at the receiver. For a moment, it can arises misunderstandings and problems in the workplace. Spelling rules are not much concerned, they are often set aside. For example, allocating figures like u instead of you and 2 instead of too, etc are very common. consequently, the effectiveness of the words and flow through of the sentence structures are in threat. Definitely, it effects to the current situation and up coming generations. Therefore, as teachers, we should be more aware of the immense influence and show the right path to the students. Cultural Factors Similarly, non-verbal communication is convened the messages to the receiver. It can also supplement verbal communication. However there are higher chances of non-verbal communication being misinterpreted by the receivers than verbal communication. Misunderstandings are more likely to occur across people belonging to different cultural backgrounds. Individuals communicating by nonverbal means should be aware of the different meaning that different individuals may perceive from his/her communication, especially when individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds are the receivers of the information. In the school, every child is belongs to a different family, and the family background, behavior or the way they communicate can be different. Therefore, teachers must be aware of these natural facts and show the humanity to the children. Since then, we can achieve our educational goals. Physical Barrier Correspondingly, body language plays a major role to provide non-verbal communication. Prominently, being responsive of our own body language as well as another persons can make communication more effective. For example, crossed arms indicate that someone is distant and possibly unfriendly, and slouching in a chair can be interpreted as not listening as well. Studies have shown that people closer to each other tend to communicate more through nonverbal means compared to people not so close to each other . Nonverbal communication often develops in relationships . Often in a relationship , more weight is given to nonverbal portion of the communication compared to the verbal portion , and in case of a conflict the nonverbal portion tends to prevail over verbal communication . It took time during the relationship to understand one another better and develop a more effective means of communication Conclusion In conclusion, effective communication take place to achieve good communication skills through verbal and nonverbal methods, one should be capable and ready to identify the combination of communication functions which may bring out success in the communication strategy or plane to be implemented. Coupled with in consideration of both verbal and non-verbal communications, they interrelate to convey meaning. Occasionally, nonverbal communication appear before verbal, but it has not been productively discussed out which of the two ways is more efficient. Therefore, both ways of communications relate in replicating, harmonizing, replacing, articulating and regulating and ensuring of the message communicated. To improve the effectiveness of communications, schools must develop an awareness of the importance of senders and receivers responsibilities and adhere to active listening skills. Reference (2010, June 18). Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/152756-ways-to-improve-oral-communication/ Allen. (n.d.). Non-verbal Communication. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communication. Retrieved from http://www.gse.au.edu/materials/Advanced_Communication/Allen.pdf Cal W, D. . (n.d.). Organizational Communication. Retrieved 2012, from http://www.books.google.mv/books?isbn=1462506607 Checher, L. (n.d.). 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Fadzil, E. U. Malaysia (Ed.), CBFC1103-Introduction To Communication (P. (. Bhd., Trans., Second Edition ed., p. 7). Meteor Doc. Sdn.Bhd. Lot 47-48 Jalan SR, 1/9, Seksyen 9, Jalan Serdang Raya, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan: Centre for Instructional Design and Technology/ Open Univercity Malaysia. Hockey-Australia-Communication-Resource-What-you-say-Matters.pdf (application/pdf Object). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.altonahc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Hockey-Australia-Communication-Resource-What-you-say-Matters.pdf Hughes, C. (2010, 6 7). verbal communication. Retrieved from www.verbal Communication.com: http://cobweb2.louisville.edu/faculty/regbruce/bruce//mgmtwebs/commun_f98/proxemics.htm Jadwick01. (2009, May). Fators That Affect Nonverbal Communication. Three Fators That Affect Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved May 2009, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Three-Factors-That-Affect-Non-Verbal-204660.html Laux, K. (n.d.). eHow Contributor. 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You have probably Come Across This Rule on a Communication1971. (A. Mehrabian, Ed.) Three Elements of Communication- and the so called 7%-38%-55% Retrieved from http://www.ecademy.com/node.php?id=78144 Mosel., S. (2010, June 18). Ways to Improve Oral Communication. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/152756-ways-to-improve-oral-communication/#ixzz2AaUlxA6V Murphy., P. (2007., 10. 7.). The Importance of Communication Skills in a Successful Life. The Importance of Communication Skills. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Importance-of-Communication-Skills-in-a-Successful-Lifeid=780306 Robbins, S. (2002). Oganizational Theory: Concepts and Cases. In Organizational Theory. Retrieved from www.rmit.edu.vn/upload/files/hn_Reserve.html Saran., S. (Dec 22, 2009). About Effective Verbal Communication. Effective Verbal Communication, 66459. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/66459-effective-verbal-communication/#ixzz2AfSmgfiR Saylor, S. (n.d.). List of Verbal Communication Types. In H. Allergies, Verbal Communication Types. Demand Media Inc. Retrieved 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/list_6038355_list-verbal-communication-types.html#ixzz2AZqjAEra Stoner, J. (1989). A Stakholder Approach to Strategic Management. NJ: Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://www.darden.virginia.edu/corporate-ethics/pdf/cv-freeman.pdf Warren Windle. (2010). Communication Skills. Office of Special Education Programs. Retrieved from http://www.directionservice.org/cadre/section4.cfm What is Non-verbal Communication. (2012, Sep 13). Retrieved from www.wisegeek.com/what-is-nonverbal-communication.htm Why Is Communication So Important? (1999, 10). Retrieved from Sudymode.com: www.studymode.com/essays/Why-Communication-So-Important-14918.html Wood, J. T. (n.d.). Interpersonal Communication. In Everyday Encounters. Canada, Nelson Education Ltd: Moncika Ekman. Retrieved from http://www.cengage.com www.csc.gov.mv/2012/05/3343. (2012, 5 1). Retrieved from www.csc,gov.mv: http://www.csc.gov.mv/2012/05/3343

Who Am I? :: essays research papers

I am a loving mother, a faithful partner, a loyal friend and a devoted child. Love and Family are very important to me, and I struggle to find time for all my loved ones, for without these treasured relationships, my life would be meaningless. I am a pioneer on a quest of personal growth, constantly in search of truth and knowledge, always longing to travel to places unknown, whether physically or spiritually. I believe that all of our experiences help us to be the person we were destined to be, therefore, we should be thankful for our mistakes as well as our triumphs, and live our lives with no regrets. I am a diplomat, struggling to keep the peace with all those around me. I believe that we are all brothers and sisters, children of the same divine power. Sometimes I become disenchanted with society, the state of the world, and how people treat each other, and it saddens me to the point that I want to shut myself off so I won't have to see it. I am a spiritual being. I believe that we can each find a piece of heaven inside ourselves if we look hard enough. Although I'm not a follower of any one religion, I am tolerant and accepting of all beliefs. I believe that what the Christians call "God", the Native Americans call "The Great Spirit", the followers of Islam call "Allah", and the Buddhists recognize as simply "the Void", are all one and the same, different interpretations of the divine power that lives in and around all of us. I am a free spirit. I like to go where the wind takes me. I love to swim in the ocean and look at the moon. I love to ride on a galloping horse's back and feel the wind in my hair. Sometimes the responsibilities of work and family cause me to be discontented and bored with life. I have made bad choices, and chosen to escape from this discontentment and boredom with the use of certain substances.

Special Education Essay -- Education Teaching

Introduction Since the passing of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools are required to serve all students regardless of their disability in a least restrictive environment. Due to increase in the number of students being identified and placed in general education classrooms, educators can expect to serve students with disabilities. It is important to understand the different types of disabilities, the characteristics of these disabilities, and causes; in order to ensure the success of students. This paper will define severe disabilities, mental retardation, traumatic brain injury, autism, and deaf-blindness. In addition, this paper will address the characteristics and causes of each disability. Definition of Severe Disabilities There are many different definitions used to define the meaning of severe disabilities, a general definition for severe disabilities is any disability that significantly limits a person's physical, mental or emotional performance, and requires ongoing extensive support in more than one major life activity in order to participate fully in education, community settings or work. According, to Heward (2009), severe disabilities includes, â€Å"students with significant disabilities in intellectual, physical, and/or social functioning, students that have multiple disabilities or deaf-blindness, students with severe mental retardation, severe emotional disturbance, and severe disabilities or health impairments are encompassed by the term† (p.453). Characteristics of Severe Disabilities Depending upon, the combination and severity of disabilities, and the age of the person with severe disabilities they may exhibit a wide range of characteristics, however, â€Å"one defining characteristic ... ...ents that has one or more disabilites. By having a better understanding of the defintion, characteristics, and causes of these disabiliteis educators can be better prepared to instuct their students. By gaining a better insight of theses students and how they learn, educators can use effective strategies to ensure the success of all students. Works Cited Heward, W. L. (2009). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities. (2004). Disabilities Fact Sheet. Retrieved January 8, 2011 from http://www.nichcy.org/InformationResources/Documents/NICHCY%20PUBS/fs10.pdf National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). Traumatic Brain Injury Information Page. Retrieved January 8, 2011 from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tbi/tbi.htm

Upper Class Victorian Homes Essay -- Victorian Era

Upper Class Victorian Homes The Victorian era was a time of ornate decorum, and grandiose homes for the upper classes. Wealth was not to be concealed, but displayed in all aspects possible, most importantly in the home. The structure of an upper class home often had at least a few levels. The top and bottom floors, or basement and attic, generally reserved for the servants of the household. Food preparation, and laundry activities were common of the basements, whereas the attic often served as housing for those that tended the household. Beyond these reserved spaces however, the splendor of wealth could be found in every room, on every wall, of every floor. The credo of the time could appropriately be stated as "if you got it, flaunt it," as the upper classes most assuredly did. Expensive floral carpets, lavish furniture, and heavy curtains were accents of almost every upper class home. According to the Bytown Museum, "A lack of clutter was to be considered "in bad taste." Consequently, the parlours and hallways were often littered with any number of pictures, mirrors, tables, ...

Developing Marketing Strategies and Plans MCQS Essay

1. A key ingredient of the marketing management process is insightful, ________ marketing strategies and plans that can guide marketing activities. a. creative b. measurable c. macro d. micro e. niche Answer: a 2. According to a chapter story about H&M clothing stores, H&M is able to put products out quickly and inexpensively by all of the following EXCEPT ________. a. having few middlemen and owning no factories b. buying large volumes c. having extensive experience in the clothing industry d. having a great knowledge of which goods should be bought from which markets e. having total control of its distribution channel from the time the goods are produced until the time they are sold Answer: e 3. The task of any business is to deliver ________ at a profit. a. customer needs b. products c. customer value d. products and services e. improved quality Answer: c 4. In a hyper competitive economy such as ours, a company can win only by fine-tuning the value delivery process and choosing, providing, and ________ superior value. a. communicating b. selecting target markets with c. composing d. developing e. researching Answer: a 5. The traditional view of marketing is that the firm makes something and then ________ it. a. markets b. sells c. distributes d. prices e. services Answer: b 6. Today, the â€Å"mass-market† is actually splintering into numerous ________, each with its own wants, perceptions, preferences, and buying criteria. a. micro markets b. market targets c. macro markets d. customer cliques e. demographic units Answer: a 7. The first phase of the value creation and delivery sequence is ________ that represents the â€Å"homework† marketing must do before any product exists. a. choosing the value b. market research c. target marketing d. service consideration e. projective thinking Answer: a 8. The last step in the value creation and delivery sequence is ________ the value where the sales force, sales promotion, advertising, and other communication tools announce and promote the product. a. developing b. distributing c. communicating d. reversing e. researching Answer: c 9. The Japanese have refined the value delivery process to include a component that emphasizes ________. a. zero servicing b. zero customer feedback time c. zero promotion d. zero dependency on intermediaries e. zero marketing costs Answer: b 10. The ________ is a tool for identifying ways to create more customer value. a. value chain b. customer survey c. brand loyalty index d. promotion channel e. supplier database Answer: a 11. The ________ identifies nine strategically relevant activities that create value and cost in a specific business. a. value proposition b. value chain c. mission statement d. annual report e. manager’s log Answer: b 12. The ________ in the value chain cover the sequence of bringing materials into the business (inbound logistics), converting them into final products (operations), shipping out final products (outbound logistics), marketing them (marketing and sales), and servicing them (service). a. operations process b. manufacturing process c. primary activities d. secondary activities e. tertiary activities Answer: c 13. Procurement, technology development, human resource management, and firm infrastructure are handled in certain specialized departments and are called ________. a. materials handling b. support activities c. inventory activities d. primary activities e. benchmark activities Answer: b 14. The firm should estimate its competitors’ costs and performances as ________ against which to compare its own costs and performance. a. competition b. standards c. challenges d. benchmarks e. moveable standards Answer: d 15. The firm’s success depends not only on how well each department performs its work, but also on how well the various departmental activities are coordinated to conduct ________. a. core strategies b. satellite businesses c. core values d. core business processes e. core technologies Answer: d 16. With respect to core business processes, all the activities involved in gathering market intelligence, disseminating it within the organization, and acting on the information is referred to as the ________. a. market sensing process b. market research process c. target marketing process d. market pulse process e. deployment process Answer: a 17. With respect to the core business processes, all the activities involved in researching, developing, and launching new high-quality offerings quickly and within budget are referred to as the ________. a. new product process b. new offering realization process c. product development process d. product launch process e. return on investment process Answer: b 18. With respect to the core business processes, the ________ is considered to be all the activities involved in defining target markets and prospecting for new customers. a. customer acquisition process b. customer relationship management process c. fulfillment management process d. customer prospecting process e. customer equity process Answer: a 19. A good way to describe the ________ would be discuss all the activities involved in building deeper understanding, relationships, and offerings to individual customers. a. customer acquisition process b. customer relationship management process c. customer prospecting process d. customer fulfillment management process e. customer equity process Answer: b 20. Another way to describe a value delivery network (partnering with specific suppliers and distributors) is to call it a ________. a. teamwork group b. cabal c. domestic power center d. link to relationships e. supply chain Answer: e 21. The key to utilizing organizational core competencies is to ________ that make up the essence of the business. a. make the competencies pay for themselves b. own all intermediaries who come in contact with your goods and services c. own and nurture the resources and competencies d. emphasize global promotions e. segment workforces Answer: c 22. We can say that a ________ has three characteristics: (1) It is a source of competitive advantage in that it makes a significant contribution to perceived customer benefits, (2) it has applications in a wide variety of markets, and (3) it is difficult for competitors to imitate. a. core competency b. business strategy c. core technology d. strategic business unit e. winning strategy Answer: a 23. Core competencies tend to refer to areas of special technical and production expertise, where ________ tend to describe excellence in broader business processes. a. process benchmarks b. distinctive capabilities c. core business values d. value statements e. mission statements Answer: b 24. George Day sees market-driven organizations as excelling in three distinctive capabilities: ________, customer linking, and channel bonding. a. target marketing b. market research c. fulfilling customer needs d. market sensing e. customer service relationships Answer: d 25. Competitors find it hard to imitate companies such as Southwest Airlines, Dell, or IKEA because they are unable to copy their ________. a. product innovations b. distribution strategy c. pricing policies d. activity systems e. logistics system Answer: d 26. One conception of holistic marketing views it as â€Å"integrating the value exploration, ________, and value delivery activities with the purpose of building long-term, mutually satisfying relationship and co-prosperity among key stakeholders.† a. value creation b. value proposition c. value management d. value research e. value chain Answer: a 27. Holistic marketers achieve profitable growth by expanding customer share, ________, and capturing customer lifetime value. a. undermining competitive competencies b. building customer loyalty c. milking the market for product desires d. renewing a customer base e. inspecting all market share data Answer: b 28. The holistic marketing framework is designed to address three key management questions. Which of the following is one of those questions? a. Value claims—how does the company deal with value erosion? b. Value proposition—how can value propositions be made profitable? c. Value chain—are there weak links in the company’s value chain d. Value network—how can a company effectively network? e. Value exploration—how can a company identify new value opportunities? Answer: e 29. The customer’s ________ reflects existing and latent needs and includes dimensions such as the need for participation, stability, freedom, and change. a. competence space b. resource space c. emotional space d. relationship space e. cognitive space Answer: e 30. The companies ________ can be described in terms of breadth—broad versus focused scope of business; and depth—physical versus knowledge-based capabilities. a. business mission b. core strategy c. cognitive space d. competency space e. resource space Answer: d 31. The collaborator’s ________ involves horizontal partnerships, where companies choose partners based on their ability to exploit related market opportunities, and vertical partnership, where companies choose partners based on their ability to serve their value creation. a. resource space b. competency space c. cognitive space d. rational space e. service space Answer: a 32. Business realignment may be necessary to maximize core competencies. Which of the following would be one of the steps in this realignment process? a. Reviewing all macro relationships. b. Reviewing global outreach projections. c. Redefining the business concept (the â€Å"big idea†). d. Reviewing successes from e-commerce (if any). e. Revamping the ethics statement. Answer: c 33. ________ allows the company to discover who its customers are, how they behave, and what they need or want. It also enables the company to respond appropriately, coherently, and quickly to different customer opportunities. a. Network management b. Strategic management c. Marketing management d. Customer relationship management e. Total quality management Answer: d34. To respond effectively and provide value delivery, the company requires ________ to integrate major business processes (e.g., order processing, general ledger, payroll, and production) within a single family of software modules. a. human resource management b. internal auditing management c. internal resource management d. strategic management e. marketing management Answer: c 35. With respect to value delivery, ________ allows the company to handle complex relationships with its trading partners to source, process, and deliver products. a. a value matrix b. a global distribution policy c. a business development strategy d. business partnership management e. total quality management Answer: d 36. Successful marketing requires having capabilities such as understanding ________, creating customer value, delivering customer value, capturing customer value, and sustaining customer value. a. customer loyalty b. customer per c. customer retention d. customer value e. customer benefits Answer: d 37. According to a McKinsey research study, which of the following is one of the main challenges that marketing must face in the twenty-first century? a. The threat of ethics-based lawsuits. b. Doing more with less. c. Hostile takeover attempts. d. Increasing control by big government. e. Being independent of the distribution process. Answer: b 38. Strategic planning in the twenty-first century calls for action in three key areas. Which of these key areas deals specifically with devising a long-term game plan for achieving long-run objectives? a. Creating a viable business opportunity. b. Producing a strategic fit. c. Developing an investment portfolio. d. Expanding core competencies. e. Establishing a strategy. Answer: e 39. Most large companies consist of four organizational levels: the ________, the division level, the business unit level, and the product level. a. board of director level b. major stakeholder level c. management team level d. corporate level e. strategic level Answer: d 40. The ________ is the central instrument for directing and coordinating the marketing effort. a. strategic plan b. marketing plan c. tactical plan d. customer value statement e. corporate mission Answer: b 41. The ________ lays out the target markets and the value proposition that will be offered, based on an analysis of the best market opportunities. a. organizational plan b. strategic marketing plan c. corporate tactical plan d. corporate mission e. customer value statement Answer: b 42. In which of the following plans would we most likely find directions for implementing and addressing daily challenges and opportunities in product features, pro motion, merchandising, pricing, sales channels, and service areas. a. The tactical marketing plan. b. The target marketing plan. c. The deployment plan. d. The product launch plan. e. The product development plan. Answer: a 43. If you wanted to find out more about target markets and the organization’s value proposition, which of the following types of plans would most likely contain information that might be useful to you in your quest? a. The marketing plan. b. The organizational plan. c. The strategic marketing plan. d. The tactical marketing plan. e. The marketing mix plan. Answer: c 44. The ________ process consists of corporate, division, business, and product planning. a. implementing b. controlling c. innovation d. planning e. competitive Answer: d 45. All corporate headquarters undertake four planning activities, the first of which is ________. a. defining the corporate mission b. establishing strategic business units and assigning resources (SBUs) c. assigning resources to each SBU d. assessing growth opportunities e. understanding target markets Answer: a 46. A clear, thoughtful mission statement provides employees with a shared sense of purpose, direction, and ________. a. profitability b. target market feasibility c. opportunity d. continuous improvement e. quality products Answer: c 47. Mission statements are at their best when they reflect a ________. a. market b. strength c. competency d. vision e. value Answer: d 48. Which of the following terms matches to the phrase â€Å"it is a single business or collection of related businesses that can be planned separately from the rest of the company†? a. Strategic business unit. b. Diverse business unit. c. Growth business unit. d. Niche market unit. e. Specialized business unit. Answer: a 49. Market-penetration, product-development, and market-development strategies would all be examples of ________ strategies. a. concentric b. conglomerate c. horizontal d. intensive growth e. integrative growth Answer: d 50. A(n) ________ is when a company might seek new businesses that have no relationship to its current technology, products, or markets. a. concentric strategy b. conglomerate strategy c. horizontal strategy d. intensive growth strategy e. integrative strategy Answer: b 51. Which of the following terms most closely matches to â€Å"the shared experiences, stories, beliefs, and norms that characterize an organization†? a. Organizational dynamics. b. A business mission. c. An ethical/value statement. d. Customer relationships. e. Corporate culture. Answer: e 52. The first step in the business unit strategic-planning process deals with which of the following? a. Goal formulation. b. Business mission. c. Strategy formulation. d. Program formulation. e. SWOT analysis. Answer: b 53. When a business gets to know market segments intimately and pursues either cost leadership or differentiation within the target segment it is referred to as a ________. a. defined strategy b. focused strategy c. value-added strategy d. competitive advantage strategy e. customer-focused strategy Answer: b 54. If a firm pursues a ________ strategy, it must be good at engineering, purchasing, manufacturing, and physical distribution. a. differentiation b. overall cost leadership c. focus d. domestic customer relationship e. market share Answer: b 55. To keep their strategic alliances thriving, corporations have begun to develop organizational structures to support them and have come to view the ability to form and manage partnerships as core skills. This is called ________. a. value managed partnership b. synergistic partnership c. centralized partnership d. partner relationship management e. win-win relationship management Answer: d 56. Traditionally, most businesses focused on stockholders. Today, the focus is on what are called ________. a. stakeholders b. partners c. regulators d. consumer triads e. supply-chain relationships Answer: a 57. A ________ is a written document that summarizes what the marketer has learned about the marketplace and indicates how the firm plans to reach its marketing objectives. a. strategic plan b. marketing plan c. sales plan d. target market plan e. competitive analysis plan Answer: b 58. Which of the following permits senior management to grasp the marketing plan’s major thrust? a. The situation analysis. b. The marketing strategy. c. The executive summary and table of contents. d. Financial projections. e. Implementation and controls. Answer: c 59. Most marketing plans cover ________. a. one year b. two years c. three years d. four years e. five years Answer: a 60. The most frequently cited shortcomings of current marketing plans, according to marketing executives, are lack of realism, insufficient competitive analysis, and a ________ focus. a. long-term b. profit c. short-run d. product e. price Answer: c

Oleana as a Tragedy

Oleana presents many definitive traits that could categorise it as a tragedy. The most prominent is the presence of a ‘harnartia', executed by John. Harnartia is Greek terminology that translates literally to â€Å"missing the mark†, and was often used to depict the ‘Hero's fatal flaw. In the case of Oleana, it could be argued that John committed the fatal error' of breaching the lawful gap between teacher and student by â€Å"placing his arm around† Carol while trying to soothe her.This sentimental reaction is generally condoned by the audience, despite the legal implications, as the motional reasoning behind it temporarily clouds the unprofessional elements. Ultimately these actions result in a string of misfortune. Tragedies also have a reputation for elating the audience, and encouraging conflicting emotions for the characters. Such is arguably achieved, as Carol is portrayed as a youthful woman whom is insecure in her own academic abilities and correspo ndingly becomes a victim to John's crass, arrogant attitude as is shown by an extreme amount of ellipsis and interruptions in their earlier interactions.She is also strained by that of her own group' whom convince her to liberate the dramatic allegations that guarantied John's downfall. However, she is also represented as vindictive and headstrong, as is shown by her dialogue in the last act wherein she attempts to blackmail John into rebuking his book: â€Å"If you would like me to speak to the tenure committee, here is my list. You are a free person, you decide. John is firstly depicted as a brash and slightly aloof man with good intentions, but as the story develops, these quirks lose their initial romance and his character appears intrusive and pompous, due to his esquipedalian qualities. He dominates the conversation and ushers Carol repeatedly; an action which is generally regarded as being extremely derogatory and advocates the belief that his elder status gives him a right to be condescending.Even disregarding the fact that they are of opposite sexes, it is strenuous to reach a conclusive, untainted resolve, and thus the desired effect is achieved. It is common in tragedies to have a ‘reversal' of fortune; this could be aligned with John's looming loss of power, Job, home, and, effectively, life, due to Carol's persecution. A great deal of his loss is arguably down to John's insolent action of belittling the resonance of a higher power; in this case the Tenure Committee.He believes that they will revoke the statement, and thus foolishly provides Carol with more opportunities to amplify damning evidence. This is an unmistakable trait in variations of Tragedies, generally tagged ‘hubris', wherein the equilibrium is only achieved after the hero suffers for their imprudence towards the Gods. Lastly, a key feature in any play is the chorus; a seemingly detached group, whom gather to inflict Judgements and muse over the ighteousness of the chara cter's actions throughout.The most relevant comparison to this in Oleana is the presence of the telephone, and the confliction and distraction it brings. This ongoing chaos could possibly be interpreted as foreshadowing for the misfortune that John was fated to experience, or the general tone of condemnation regarding John's various inappropriate actions towards Carol. In conclusion, there are many connections that can be made between a typical tragedy production and Oleana, and it would be completely valid to place Oleana in that genre. Oleana as a Tragedy By saraelnairree